Children are native learners. They learn and develop through direct perception, hands-on experience and practice. Driven by curiosity, children can explore environment around spontaneously. To meet their development needs, teachers should build an enable environment for them to play and learn, where is full of various materials.

幼儿是天生的学习者，他们在直接感知、亲身体验和实际操作中获得学习与发展。在好奇心的驱使下，幼儿可以自主地在周围的环境中进行探索。为满足幼儿的发展需要，教师必须为幼儿构建一个有准备的环境，即材料丰富的环境。

It is worth considering that what kind of materials can inspire children to explore? It is not difficult to find that children can often play with paper boxes, stones, sand and water for a long time, which are common and simple materials in our life. These materials can be moved, combined, arranged, disassembled, and restored in a variety of ways. We call them loose parts.

在这里值得我们思考的是，什么样的材料***能激发幼儿的好奇心，让他们的想象力和创造力自由发挥呢？我们不难发现，幼儿经常能够长时间地摆弄纸盒、石头、沙子和水等身边既常见又简单的材料。因为这些材料都拥有无限游戏可能性，它们可以用多种方式来搬运、组合、排列、拆开、复原。我们把这些操作性强、容易获取又吸引人的材料称为开放性材料。

In addition to the concept of loose parts, we need to know how to operate them in practice to support children’s learning and development. Do you remember “Schemas” what we have mentioned in last article? Following schemas, let’s explore how to use loose parts creatively.

只是知道开放性材料的概念是远远不够的，我们还要知道怎样在实践中利用它来促进幼儿的学习与发展。还记得之前我们分享过的Schemas（“幼儿学习的十大模式”超链接）吗？今天就让我们透过Schemas，一起来探索如何创造性地运用开放性材料吧。

“Children move objects or their bodies in different directions, such as horizontally, vertically or diagonally.”

“轨迹模式是探索事物如何垂直、水平运动、穿越运动、向上向下运动以及在空中运动等。可能是某种物体，也可能是孩子自己的身体。”

In addition to running, jumping and climbing, we also want children to focus on objects’ traits through play.

除了幼儿自身跑、跳、攀爬、平衡能移动能力，我们同样关注幼儿如何在探索材料中感知物体的特征。

Offering children ping-pong balls, glass marbles, corks to encourage them to throw, while feeling the speed of different objects falling.

为幼儿提供乒乓球、玻璃弹珠、软木塞等不同材质的物品鼓励他们抛出，感受不同物体下落的速度。

Using wooden boards or PVC pipes to build a slope, so that children can feel the relationship between the rolling speed and the angle of the slope.

利用木板或PVC管搭建斜坡，让幼儿感受物体滚动速度与坡度大小和其材质之间的关系。

Using tires and chains to build simple swings for children.

用轮胎和铁链为幼儿搭建简易秋千。

“The transporting schema is moving an item to another place using some tools.”

“运输模式，就是幼儿将物品使用一些工具移动到另一个地方的行为。”

We provide a variety of transportable materials and containers for children to transport.

为了满足幼儿对于运输的兴趣，我们通常会提供多种多样的可供运输的材料以及丰富的运输工具。

What built the dinosaur's habitat？Are dyed rice, broad beans, soybeans and black beans. Children like to transport sand and similar materials in containers. They can use their imagination to build castles and dunes, and can also feel the concept of quantity, weight and volume.

猜猜恐龙的家是由什么做成的？是染色的大米、蚕豆、黄豆和黑豆。幼儿喜欢用器皿运输沙子等类似材料的游戏，他们可以发挥想象力堆出城堡、沙丘，也可以感受数量、重量和容积的概念。

Children use dummy syringes and small basin to transport water to measuring cups.

幼儿用仿真针筒和小盆将水运到量杯里。

PVC pipe is also a good choice for transporting. How do you use these pipes to carry water from a height to a bucket on the ground?

运输不一定要通过容器，PVC管也是个不错的选择哦。想一想，如何利用这些管子将水流从高处运到地面上的水桶里？

“In positioning schema, children will put items in a specific order or position.”

“定位模式，幼儿会把物品按特定顺序或位置摆放。”

In this mode, we can have lots of games to promote children’s academic learning.

利用定位模式，可以设计出许多发展幼儿知识性能力的游戏。

How simple and creative is the game of putting coloured pompons in an egg carton? For older children, this game can be set up some putting rules to develop their logical thinking ability.

将彩色绒球摆放在鸡蛋盒里的游戏是不是既简单又有创意。对于年龄大一些的孩子可以设置摆放规律，发展其逻辑思维能力。

Classification and collation are also important concepts in positioning patterns. As shown in the picture, ice cream bars, paper cores, and coloured pompons can be used to design a creative category matching game. Although the game is simple to operate, but can develop children's understanding of colour, classification, shape.

分类和整理也是定位模式中的重要概念。如图，可以利用雪糕棒、纸筒芯和彩色绒球设计有创意的分类匹配游戏。游戏虽然操作起来简单，但是可以发展幼儿对颜色、分类、形状等概念的认识。

“Under the influence of enclosure schema, children are interested in filling and emptying containers or spaces.”

“在覆盖模式的影响下，幼儿对填充和清空容器或空间感兴趣。”

Children like hiding themselves in private and small spaces. We should respect their nature and cultivate their sense of independence.

幼儿喜欢躲在私密的小空间里玩耍、阅读。尊重幼儿的天性，培养其独立自主的意识。

Children utilise clothes, wood board and foam boxes to build a “secret base”.

幼儿利用布、木板、纸箱和泡沫箱为自己搭建了一个“秘密基地”。

They also use wood board to make a “car”.

同样利用纸箱，让我们一起开“车”去游乐园吧！

Why can you fill a small bowl with grains but not a large one?

想一想，为什么可以填满小碗的谷物却装不满大碗呢？

“Children better understand object permanence (enveloping schema) by storing and covering objects.”

“幼儿通过储藏、遮盖物体的行为去更好地理解物体恒存性（包围模式） ”

There are many children in kindergarten who like to hide toys, but they don't mean to. Children use boxes, and bags to "hide" their favourite toys and objects.

幼儿园里不乏那些爱藏玩具的小朋友，他们可不是故意的哦。幼儿会用盒子、布包、袋子等将喜欢的玩具、物品“藏”起来。

Not only can you use a basket, but you can also make use of the beautiful gift boxes that children receive on their birthdays to collect toys.

收纳玩具不仅仅可以用筐，还可以废物利用小朋友过生日时收到的漂亮的礼物盒。

How about turning the role-playing area into a supermarket so that children can experience the fun of shopping with shopping bags?

不如将角色扮演区打造成超市，让小朋友体验用购物袋shopping（装东西）的乐趣。

"Transforming schema means change, which can be size, shape, property of the object (solid, liquid), color mixing or fusion of different objects, etc."

“转化模式意味着改变，可以是大小、形状、物品的性质（固态、液态）、颜色混合或不同物品的融合等 ”

Building a mud kitchen outside for children. They can cook a pot of mud soup with sand and water.

在室外为幼儿建造泥巴厨房，用沙和水煮一锅泥巴汤。

Let children explore the process of water solidification into ice and ice melting to water.

让幼儿自主探索水固化成冰，冰融化成水的过程。

Color changes can best stimulate children's interest in exploration. They can mix colors with pigments directly or use the luminous table in Steam classroom to create a colourful world for children.

颜色的转变***能激发幼儿的探究兴趣，可以直接用颜料混色，也可以利用Steam教室的发光桌为幼儿打造一个光彩世界。

“Children are interested in things that can turn, roll or rotate. (Rotation schema)”

“孩子通常对转圈、滚动或旋转的事物感兴趣（旋转模式）”

Tires can be used as materials for children's outdoor activities. Besides, as shown in the photos above, there are also some other circular outdoor equipments for children to explore.

轮胎可以变成幼儿户外运动的材料。除此之外，钻趴轮胎或空心圆柱型的器械也都是幼儿喜欢的户外活动。

Guess what are these? Lids for big and small bottles can also become materials for children to play. Through screwing the lid, children’s fine motor skills can be developed. Meanwhile, the differences of lids’ colour and size can support children’s learning.

猜猜看这些是什么？是不是没想到家里大大小小瓶罐的盖子也可以成为幼儿游戏的材料。拧盖子可以发展幼儿的精细动作能力，同时，盖子颜色和大小的差异也可以促进幼儿的学习。

“Children’s problem-solving ability can be practiced through Connection schema”

“通过连接模式，幼儿解决问题的能力可以得到很好的锻炼 ”

In addition to constructing blocks, there are many loose parts around us can be utilised.

说到幼儿的连接模式，可能您一下子就会想到积木建构游戏。其实，除了搭建积木，生活中还有很多材料可以被利用。

“Chop things up, take off the wheels of cars and trucks, take off the tracks and carriages of trains" -- Disconnecting schema”

“把东西切碎，把汽车和卡车的轮子取下来，把火车轨道和车厢拆下来”——断开模式

It is easy for children to disassemble things, but it is hard to say whether they can restore them.

拆开是一些幼儿游戏中常有的事，能不能复原那可就说不好咯。

Cutting also belongs to the disconnecting schema. Playdough can be easily restored. Thus, as shown in the photos above, children can first cut it and then turn it into numbers.

除了搞破坏，剪与切也属于断开模式的范畴哦。利用橡皮泥易复原的特征，让幼儿锻炼使用剪刀，即使剪断了，还能揉捏成数字宝宝。

So far, you can notice that some of the materials has appeared many times in this article. Indeed, loose parts can be used in lots of ways. What you lack are the ideas for utilising them creatively. Let’s end at here today, see you next time!

看到这里你会发现一些材料在文章中多次出现，的确，开放性材料可以一物多用，你缺少的只是利用它们的小创意。今天就聊到这里吧，希望您能学以致用哦！我们下次再见。